Inheritance Tax Calculator 2026: Do You Owe Anything?

Most people who inherit money owe zero tax on it. The confusion comes from mixing up three different things: federal estate tax, federal inheritance tax, and state-level taxes.

Here is the actual breakdown.

Federal Level: There Is No Federal Inheritance Tax

The United States has no federal inheritance tax. The recipient of an inheritance pays nothing to the IRS on money or assets received.

What does exist is the federal estate tax, which is paid by the estate itself before assets are distributed to heirs. By the time money reaches you, estate taxes (if any) have already been paid.

The Federal Estate Tax Exemption

The federal estate tax only applies to estates above the exemption amount. In 2026:

| | Amount | |-|--------| | Individual exemption | $13.99 million | | Married couple exemption (with portability) | $27.98 million | | Tax rate above exemption | 18-40% |

An estate worth $13.99 million or less owes zero federal estate tax. This is why the IRS received only about 2,570 taxable estate tax returns in recent years, out of roughly 3 million deaths annually.

The 2025 Sunset Risk

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act doubled the estate tax exemption in 2018. That provision is scheduled to expire after 2025, potentially cutting the exemption back to approximately $7 million (adjusted for inflation).

If the TCJA estate tax provisions expire, estates between $7 million and $13.99 million could face significant tax bills. Planning before a potential 2026 law change is relevant for larger estates.

State-Level Inheritance and Estate Taxes

This is where it gets more complicated. Several states have their own estate taxes with much lower exemptions:

| State | Estate Tax Exemption | |-------|---------------------| | Oregon | $1 million | | Massachusetts | $2 million | | Illinois | $4 million | | Washington | $2.193 million | | Maryland | $5 million | | Vermont | $5 million | | Connecticut | $13.61 million |

If you inherit from someone who lived in one of these states, the estate may owe state estate tax before you receive your share.

Separately, six states have an actual inheritance tax (paid by the recipient, not the estate):

| State | Who Pays Inheritance Tax | |-------|------------------------| | Nebraska | Rates up to 15% for distant relatives | | Iowa | Being phased out, near zero in 2026 | | Kentucky | 4-16% for non-immediate family | | Pennsylvania | 4.5-15% depending on relationship | | New Jersey | Up to 16% for non-direct descendants | | Maryland | 10% for non-immediate family |

In these states, spouses and direct descendants (children, grandchildren) are typically exempt or pay very low rates. Siblings, nieces, nephews, and unrelated heirs pay higher rates.

The Step-Up in Basis Rule

When you inherit appreciated assets (stocks, real estate, a business), you receive a step-up in cost basis to the fair market value on the date of the original owner's death.

This is significant. If your parent bought stock for $20,000 that is worth $200,000 when they die, you inherit it at a $200,000 basis. If you sell it the next day, you owe zero capital gains tax. If they had given it to you as a gift, you would take their $20,000 basis and owe capital gains on $180,000 when you sell.

The step-up in basis makes inherited assets far more tax-efficient than gifted assets for highly appreciated property.

IRAs and 401k Inheritance

Inherited retirement accounts do not receive a step-up in basis because they are pre-tax. When you inherit a traditional IRA or 401k:

• You must take distributions within 10 years (for most non-spouse beneficiaries, post-SECURE Act)
• Every dollar withdrawn is ordinary income
• Large accounts withdrawn quickly can push you into higher tax brackets

For a $500,000 inherited IRA, the 10-year rule means roughly $50,000/year in additional income, which may push you into the 22-24% bracket. Planning the timing of withdrawals to manage bracket exposure matters.

See Best Investing Platforms for information on inherited IRA management options.

Use the CalcMoney Net Worth Calculator to model the impact of an inheritance on your overall financial picture.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I report an inheritance on my tax return?

Generally no. An inheritance is not income to you. The estate's tax return (Form 706) handles any estate tax owed. However, if the inherited assets generate income after you receive them (interest, dividends, rent), that income is taxable to you going forward.

What if I inherit property in another country?

The step-up in basis rules still apply for US tax purposes if you are a US person. Foreign estate or inheritance taxes paid may be creditable against US tax in some circumstances. The rules get complex quickly and professional tax advice is warranted.

Can I disclaim an inheritance to reduce my estate?

Yes. A qualified disclaimer allows you to refuse an inheritance, which then passes to the next heir in line as if you had died first. This is sometimes useful for estate planning if your own estate is already large, or to pass assets to children in a lower tax bracket.